Option overview 

type Option<A> = None | Some<A>

Option<A> is a container for an optional value of type A. If the value of type A is present, the Option<A> is an instance of Some<A>, containing the present value of type A. If the value is absent, the Option<A> is an instance of None.

An option could be looked at as a collection or foldable structure with either one or zero elements. Another way to look at Option is: it represents the effect of a possibly failing computation.

Example

import * as O from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function'

const double = (n: number): number => n * 2

export const imperative = (as: ReadonlyArray<number>): string => {
  const head = (as: ReadonlyArray<number>): number => {
    if (as.length === 0) {
      throw new Error()
    }
    return as[0]
  }
  const inverse = (n: number): number => {
    if (n === 0) {
      throw new Error()
    }
    return 1 / n
  }
  try {
    return `Result is ${inverse(double(head(as)))}`
  } catch (e) {
    return 'no result'
  }
}

export const functional = (as: ReadonlyArray<number>): string => {
  const head = <A>(as: ReadonlyArray<A>): O.Option<A> => (as.length === 0 ? O.none : O.some(as[0]))
  const inverse = (n: number): O.Option<number> => (n === 0 ? O.none : O.some(1 / n))
  return pipe(
    as,
    head,
    O.map(double),
    O.flatMap(inverse),
    O.match(
      () => 'no result', // onNone handler
      (head) => `Result is ${head}` // onSome handler
    )
  )
}

assert.deepStrictEqual(imperative([1, 2, 3]), functional([1, 2, 3]))
assert.deepStrictEqual(imperative([]), functional([]))
assert.deepStrictEqual(imperative([0]), functional([0]))

Added in v2.0.0

Table of contents

combinators

tap

Composes computations in sequence, using the return value of one computation to determine the next computation and keeping only the result of the first.

Signature

export declare const tap: {
  <A, _>(self: Option<A>, f: (a: A) => Option<_>): Option<A>
  <A, _>(f: (a: A) => Option<_>): (self: Option<A>) => Option<A>
}

Added in v2.15.0

tapEither

Composes computations in sequence, using the return value of one computation to determine the next computation and keeping only the result of the first.

Signature

export declare const tapEither: {
  <A, E, _>(f: (a: A) => Either<E, _>): (self: Option<A>) => Option<A>
  <A, E, _>(self: Option<A>, f: (a: A) => Either<E, _>): Option<A>
}

Example

import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function'
import * as O from 'fp-ts/Option'
import * as E from 'fp-ts/Either'

const compute = (value: number) =>
  pipe(
    O.of(value),
    O.tapEither((value) => (value > 0 ? E.right('ok') : E.left('error')))
  )

assert.deepStrictEqual(compute(1), O.of(1))
assert.deepStrictEqual(compute(-42), O.none)

Added in v2.16.0

constructors

getLeft

Returns the Left value of an Either if possible.

Signature

export declare const getLeft: <E, A>(ma: Either<E, A>) => Option<E>

Example

import { getLeft, none, some } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { right, left } from 'fp-ts/Either'

assert.deepStrictEqual(getLeft(right(1)), none)
assert.deepStrictEqual(getLeft(left('a')), some('a'))

Added in v2.0.0

getRight

Returns the Right value of an Either if possible.

Signature

export declare const getRight: <E, A>(ma: Either<E, A>) => Option<A>

Example

import { getRight, none, some } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { right, left } from 'fp-ts/Either'

assert.deepStrictEqual(getRight(right(1)), some(1))
assert.deepStrictEqual(getRight(left('a')), none)

Added in v2.0.0

none

None doesn’t have a constructor, instead you can use it directly as a value. Represents a missing value.

Signature

export declare const none: Option<never>

Added in v2.0.0

of

Signature

export declare const of: <A>(a: A) => Option<A>

Added in v2.7.0

some

Constructs a Some. Represents an optional value that exists.

Signature

export declare const some: <A>(a: A) => Option<A>

Added in v2.0.0

conversions

fromEither

Transforms an Either to an Option discarding the error.

Alias of getRight

Signature

export declare const fromEither: <A>(fa: Either<unknown, A>) => Option<A>

Added in v2.0.0

fromNullable

Constructs a new Option from a nullable type. If the value is null or undefined, returns None, otherwise returns the value wrapped in a Some.

Signature

export declare const fromNullable: <A>(a: A) => Option<NonNullable<A>>

Example

import { none, some, fromNullable } from 'fp-ts/Option'

assert.deepStrictEqual(fromNullable(undefined), none)
assert.deepStrictEqual(fromNullable(null), none)
assert.deepStrictEqual(fromNullable(1), some(1))

Added in v2.0.0

toNullable

Extracts the value out of the structure, if it exists. Otherwise returns null.

Signature

export declare const toNullable: <A>(ma: Option<A>) => A | null

Example

import { some, none, toNullable } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function'

assert.strictEqual(pipe(some(1), toNullable), 1)
assert.strictEqual(pipe(none, toNullable), null)

Added in v2.0.0

toUndefined

Extracts the value out of the structure, if it exists. Otherwise returns undefined.

Signature

export declare const toUndefined: <A>(ma: Option<A>) => A | undefined

Example

import { some, none, toUndefined } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function'

assert.strictEqual(pipe(some(1), toUndefined), 1)
assert.strictEqual(pipe(none, toUndefined), undefined)

Added in v2.0.0

do notation

Do

Signature

export declare const Do: Option<{}>

Added in v2.9.0

apS

Signature

export declare const apS: <N, A, B>(
  name: Exclude<N, keyof A>,
  fb: Option<B>
) => (fa: Option<A>) => Option<{ readonly [K in N | keyof A]: K extends keyof A ? A[K] : B }>

Added in v2.8.0

bind

Signature

export declare const bind: <N, A, B>(
  name: Exclude<N, keyof A>,
  f: (a: A) => Option<B>
) => (ma: Option<A>) => Option<{ readonly [K in N | keyof A]: K extends keyof A ? A[K] : B }>

Added in v2.8.0

bindTo

Signature

export declare const bindTo: <N>(name: N) => <A>(fa: Option<A>) => Option<{ readonly [K in N]: A }>

Added in v2.8.0

guard

Signature

export declare const guard: (b: boolean) => Option<void>

Added in v2.11.0

let

Signature

export declare const let: <N, A, B>(
  name: Exclude<N, keyof A>,
  f: (a: A) => B
) => (fa: Option<A>) => Option<{ readonly [K in N | keyof A]: K extends keyof A ? A[K] : B }>

Added in v2.13.0

error handling

getOrElse

Extracts the value out of the structure, if it exists. Otherwise returns the given default value

Signature

export declare const getOrElse: <A>(onNone: LazyArg<A>) => (ma: Option<A>) => A

Example

import { some, none, getOrElse } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function'

assert.strictEqual(
  pipe(
    some(1),
    getOrElse(() => 0)
  ),
  1
)
assert.strictEqual(
  pipe(
    none,
    getOrElse(() => 0)
  ),
  0
)

Added in v2.0.0

getOrElseW

Less strict version of getOrElse.

The W suffix (short for Widening) means that the handler return type will be merged.

Signature

export declare const getOrElseW: <B>(onNone: LazyArg<B>) => <A>(ma: Option<A>) => B | A

Added in v2.6.0

orElse

Returns the provided Option that if self is None, otherwise returns self.

Signature

export declare const orElse: {
  <B>(that: LazyArg<Option<B>>): <A>(self: Option<A>) => Option<B | A>
  <A, B>(self: Option<A>, that: LazyArg<Option<B>>): Option<A | B>
}

Example

import * as O from 'fp-ts/Option'

assert.deepStrictEqual(
  O.orElse(O.none, () => O.none),
  O.none
)
assert.deepStrictEqual(
  O.orElse(O.some(1), () => O.none),
  O.some(1)
)
assert.deepStrictEqual(
  O.orElse(O.none, () => O.some('b')),
  O.some('b')
)
assert.deepStrictEqual(
  O.orElse(O.some(1), () => O.some('b')),
  O.some(1)
)

Added in v2.16.0

filtering

compact

Signature

export declare const compact: <A>(fa: Option<Option<A>>) => Option<A>

Added in v2.0.0

filter

Signature

export declare const filter: {
  <A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<A, B>): (fa: Option<A>) => Option<B>
  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): <B extends A>(fb: Option<B>) => Option<B>
  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (fa: Option<A>) => Option<A>
}

Added in v2.0.0

filterMap

Signature

export declare const filterMap: <A, B>(f: (a: A) => Option<B>) => (fa: Option<A>) => Option<B>

Added in v2.0.0

partition

Signature

export declare const partition: {
  <A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<A, B>): (fa: Option<A>) => Separated<Option<A>, Option<B>>
  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): <B extends A>(fb: Option<B>) => Separated<Option<B>, Option<B>>
  <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (fa: Option<A>) => Separated<Option<A>, Option<A>>
}

Added in v2.0.0

partitionMap

Signature

export declare const partitionMap: <A, B, C>(
  f: (a: A) => Either<B, C>
) => (fa: Option<A>) => Separated<Option<B>, Option<C>>

Added in v2.0.0

separate

Signature

export declare const separate: <A, B>(ma: Option<Either<A, B>>) => Separated<Option<A>, Option<B>>

Added in v2.0.0

wilt

Signature

export declare const wilt: PipeableWilt1<'Option'>

Added in v2.6.5

wither

Signature

export declare const wither: PipeableWither1<'Option'>

Added in v2.6.5

folding

foldMap

Signature

export declare const foldMap: <M>(M: Monoid<M>) => <A>(f: (a: A) => M) => (fa: Option<A>) => M

Added in v2.0.0

reduce

Signature

export declare const reduce: <A, B>(b: B, f: (b: B, a: A) => B) => (fa: Option<A>) => B

Added in v2.0.0

reduceRight

Signature

export declare const reduceRight: <A, B>(b: B, f: (a: A, b: B) => B) => (fa: Option<A>) => B

Added in v2.0.0

instances

Alt

Signature

export declare const Alt: Alt1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Alternative

Signature

export declare const Alternative: Alternative1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Applicative

Signature

export declare const Applicative: Applicative1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Apply

Signature

export declare const Apply: Apply1<'Option'>

Added in v2.10.0

Chain

Signature

export declare const Chain: chainable.Chain1<'Option'>

Added in v2.10.0

Compactable

Signature

export declare const Compactable: Compactable1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Extend

Signature

export declare const Extend: Extend1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Filterable

Signature

export declare const Filterable: Filterable1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Foldable

Signature

export declare const Foldable: Foldable1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

FromEither

Signature

export declare const FromEither: FromEither1<'Option'>

Added in v2.11.0

Functor

Signature

export declare const Functor: Functor1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Monad

Signature

export declare const Monad: Monad1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

MonadThrow

Signature

export declare const MonadThrow: MonadThrow1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Pointed

Signature

export declare const Pointed: Pointed1<'Option'>

Added in v2.10.0

Traversable

Signature

export declare const Traversable: Traversable1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Witherable

Signature

export declare const Witherable: Witherable1<'Option'>

Added in v2.7.0

Zero

Signature

export declare const Zero: Zero1<'Option'>

Added in v2.11.0

getEq

Signature

export declare const getEq: <A>(E: Eq<A>) => Eq<Option<A>>

Example

import { none, some, getEq } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import * as N from 'fp-ts/number'

const E = getEq(N.Eq)
assert.strictEqual(E.equals(none, none), true)
assert.strictEqual(E.equals(none, some(1)), false)
assert.strictEqual(E.equals(some(1), none), false)
assert.strictEqual(E.equals(some(1), some(2)), false)
assert.strictEqual(E.equals(some(1), some(1)), true)

Added in v2.0.0

getMonoid

Monoid returning the left-most non-None value. If both operands are Somes then the inner values are concatenated using the provided Semigroup

x y concat(x, y)
none none none
some(a) none some(a)
none some(b) some(b)
some(a) some(b) some(concat(a, b))

Signature

export declare const getMonoid: <A>(S: Semigroup<A>) => Monoid<Option<A>>

Example

import { getMonoid, some, none } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { SemigroupSum } from 'fp-ts/number'

const M = getMonoid(SemigroupSum)
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(none, none), none)
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(some(1), none), some(1))
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(none, some(1)), some(1))
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(some(1), some(2)), some(3))

Added in v2.0.0

getOrd

The Ord instance allows Option values to be compared with compare, whenever there is an Ord instance for the type the Option contains.

None is considered to be less than any Some value.

Signature

export declare const getOrd: <A>(O: Ord<A>) => Ord<Option<A>>

Example

import { none, some, getOrd } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import * as N from 'fp-ts/number'

const O = getOrd(N.Ord)
assert.strictEqual(O.compare(none, none), 0)
assert.strictEqual(O.compare(none, some(1)), -1)
assert.strictEqual(O.compare(some(1), none), 1)
assert.strictEqual(O.compare(some(1), some(2)), -1)
assert.strictEqual(O.compare(some(1), some(1)), 0)

Added in v2.0.0

getShow

Signature

export declare const getShow: <A>(S: Show<A>) => Show<Option<A>>

Added in v2.0.0

interop

tryCatch

Transforms an exception into an Option. If f throws, returns None, otherwise returns the output wrapped in a Some.

See also tryCatchK.

Signature

export declare const tryCatch: <A>(f: LazyArg<A>) => Option<A>

Example

import { none, some, tryCatch } from 'fp-ts/Option'

assert.deepStrictEqual(
  tryCatch(() => {
    throw new Error()
  }),
  none
)
assert.deepStrictEqual(
  tryCatch(() => 1),
  some(1)
)

Added in v2.0.0

tryCatchK

Converts a function that may throw to one returning a Option.

Signature

export declare const tryCatchK: <A extends readonly unknown[], B>(f: (...a: A) => B) => (...a: A) => Option<B>

Added in v2.10.0

legacy

alt

Alias of orElse.

Signature

export declare const alt: <A>(that: LazyArg<Option<A>>) => (fa: Option<A>) => Option<A>

Added in v2.0.0

altW

Alias of orElse.

Less strict version of alt.

The W suffix (short for Widening) means that the return types will be merged.

Signature

export declare const altW: <B>(that: LazyArg<Option<B>>) => <A>(fa: Option<A>) => Option<B | A>

Added in v2.9.0

chain

Alias of flatMap.

Signature

export declare const chain: <A, B>(f: (a: A) => Option<B>) => (ma: Option<A>) => Option<B>

Added in v2.0.0

chainFirst

Alias of tap.

Signature

export declare const chainFirst: <A, B>(f: (a: A) => Option<B>) => (first: Option<A>) => Option<A>

Added in v2.0.0

chainFirstEitherK

Alias of tapEither.

Signature

export declare const chainFirstEitherK: <E, A, B>(f: (a: A) => Either<E, B>) => (ma: Option<A>) => Option<A>

Added in v2.12.0

lifting

fromEitherK

Signature

export declare const fromEitherK: <E, A extends readonly unknown[], B>(
  f: (...a: A) => Either<E, B>
) => (...a: A) => Option<B>

Added in v2.11.0

fromNullableK

Returns a smart constructor from a function that returns a nullable value.

Signature

export declare const fromNullableK: <A extends readonly unknown[], B>(
  f: (...a: A) => B | null | undefined
) => (...a: A) => Option<NonNullable<B>>

Example

import { fromNullableK, none, some } from 'fp-ts/Option'

const f = (s: string): number | undefined => {
  const n = parseFloat(s)
  return isNaN(n) ? undefined : n
}

const g = fromNullableK(f)

assert.deepStrictEqual(g('1'), some(1))
assert.deepStrictEqual(g('a'), none)

Added in v2.9.0

fromPredicate

Returns a smart constructor based on the given predicate.

Signature

export declare function fromPredicate<A, B extends A>(refinement: Refinement<A, B>): (a: A) => Option<B>
export declare function fromPredicate<A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): <B extends A>(b: B) => Option<B>
export declare function fromPredicate<A>(predicate: Predicate<A>): (a: A) => Option<A>

Example

import { none, some, fromPredicate } from 'fp-ts/Option'

const getOption = fromPredicate((n: number) => n >= 0)

assert.deepStrictEqual(getOption(-1), none)
assert.deepStrictEqual(getOption(1), some(1))

Added in v2.0.0

mapping

as

Maps the Some value of this Option to the specified constant value.

Signature

export declare const as: { <A>(a: A): <_>(self: Option<_>) => Option<A>; <_, A>(self: Option<_>, a: A): Option<A> }

Added in v2.16.0

asUnit

Maps the Some value of this Option to the void constant value.

Signature

export declare const asUnit: <_>(self: Option<_>) => Option<void>

Added in v2.16.0

flap

Signature

export declare const flap: <A>(a: A) => <B>(fab: Option<(a: A) => B>) => Option<B>

Added in v2.10.0

map

Signature

export declare const map: <A, B>(f: (a: A) => B) => (fa: Option<A>) => Option<B>

Added in v2.0.0

model

None (interface)

Signature

export interface None {
  readonly _tag: 'None'
}

Added in v2.0.0

Option (type alias)

Signature

export type Option<A> = None | Some<A>

Added in v2.0.0

Some (interface)

Signature

export interface Some<A> {
  readonly _tag: 'Some'
  readonly value: A
}

Added in v2.0.0

pattern matching

fold

Alias of match.

Signature

export declare const fold: <A, B>(onNone: LazyArg<B>, onSome: (a: A) => B) => (ma: Option<A>) => B

Added in v2.0.0

foldW

Alias of matchW.

Signature

export declare const foldW: <B, A, C>(onNone: LazyArg<B>, onSome: (a: A) => C) => (ma: Option<A>) => B | C

Added in v2.10.0

match

Takes a (lazy) default value, a function, and an Option value, if the Option value is None the default value is returned, otherwise the function is applied to the value inside the Some and the result is returned.

Signature

export declare const match: <A, B>(onNone: LazyArg<B>, onSome: (a: A) => B) => (ma: Option<A>) => B

Example

import { some, none, match } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function'

assert.strictEqual(
  pipe(
    some(1),
    match(
      () => 'a none',
      (a) => `a some containing ${a}`
    )
  ),
  'a some containing 1'
)

assert.strictEqual(
  pipe(
    none,
    match(
      () => 'a none',
      (a) => `a some containing ${a}`
    )
  ),
  'a none'
)

Added in v2.10.0

matchW

Less strict version of match.

The W suffix (short for Widening) means that the handler return types will be merged.

Signature

export declare const matchW: <B, A, C>(onNone: LazyArg<B>, onSome: (a: A) => C) => (ma: Option<A>) => B | C

Added in v2.10.0

refinements

isNone

Returns true if the option is None, false otherwise.

Signature

export declare const isNone: (fa: Option<unknown>) => fa is None

Example

import { some, none, isNone } from 'fp-ts/Option'

assert.strictEqual(isNone(some(1)), false)
assert.strictEqual(isNone(none), true)

Added in v2.0.0

isSome

Returns true if the option is an instance of Some, false otherwise.

Signature

export declare const isSome: <A>(fa: Option<A>) => fa is Some<A>

Example

import { some, none, isSome } from 'fp-ts/Option'

assert.strictEqual(isSome(some(1)), true)
assert.strictEqual(isSome(none), false)

Added in v2.0.0

sequencing

chainEitherK

Signature

export declare const chainEitherK: <E, A, B>(f: (a: A) => Either<E, B>) => (ma: Option<A>) => Option<B>

Added in v2.11.0

chainNullableK

This is chain + fromNullable, useful when working with optional values.

Signature

export declare const chainNullableK: <A, B>(
  f: (a: A) => B | null | undefined
) => (ma: Option<A>) => Option<NonNullable<B>>

Example

import { some, none, fromNullable, chainNullableK } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function'

interface Employee {
  readonly company?: {
    readonly address?: {
      readonly street?: {
        readonly name?: string
      }
    }
  }
}

const employee1: Employee = { company: { address: { street: { name: 'high street' } } } }

assert.deepStrictEqual(
  pipe(
    fromNullable(employee1.company),
    chainNullableK((company) => company.address),
    chainNullableK((address) => address.street),
    chainNullableK((street) => street.name)
  ),
  some('high street')
)

const employee2: Employee = { company: { address: { street: {} } } }

assert.deepStrictEqual(
  pipe(
    fromNullable(employee2.company),
    chainNullableK((company) => company.address),
    chainNullableK((address) => address.street),
    chainNullableK((street) => street.name)
  ),
  none
)

Added in v2.9.0

flatMap

Signature

export declare const flatMap: {
  <A, B>(f: (a: A) => Option<B>): (ma: Option<A>) => Option<B>
  <A, B>(ma: Option<A>, f: (a: A) => Option<B>): Option<B>
}

Added in v2.14.0

flatten

Signature

export declare const flatten: <A>(mma: Option<Option<A>>) => Option<A>

Added in v2.0.0

traversing

sequence

Signature

export declare const sequence: Sequence1<'Option'>

Added in v2.6.3

sequenceArray

Equivalent to ReadonlyArray#sequence(Applicative).

Signature

export declare const sequenceArray: <A>(arr: readonly Option<A>[]) => Option<readonly A[]>

Added in v2.9.0

traverse

Signature

export declare const traverse: PipeableTraverse1<'Option'>

Added in v2.6.3

traverseArray

Equivalent to ReadonlyArray#traverse(Applicative).

Signature

export declare const traverseArray: <A, B>(f: (a: A) => Option<B>) => (as: readonly A[]) => Option<readonly B[]>

Added in v2.9.0

traverseArrayWithIndex

Equivalent to ReadonlyArray#traverseWithIndex(Applicative).

Signature

export declare const traverseArrayWithIndex: <A, B>(
  f: (index: number, a: A) => Option<B>
) => (as: readonly A[]) => Option<readonly B[]>

Added in v2.9.0

traverseReadonlyArrayWithIndex

Equivalent to ReadonlyArray#traverseWithIndex(Applicative).

Signature

export declare const traverseReadonlyArrayWithIndex: <A, B>(
  f: (index: number, a: A) => Option<B>
) => (as: readonly A[]) => Option<readonly B[]>

Added in v2.11.0

traverseReadonlyNonEmptyArrayWithIndex

Equivalent to ReadonlyNonEmptyArray#traverseWithIndex(Applicative).

Signature

export declare const traverseReadonlyNonEmptyArrayWithIndex: <A, B>(
  f: (index: number, a: A) => Option<B>
) => (as: ReadonlyNonEmptyArray<A>) => Option<ReadonlyNonEmptyArray<B>>

Added in v2.11.0

type lambdas

URI

Signature

export declare const URI: 'Option'

Added in v2.0.0

URI (type alias)

Signature

export type URI = typeof URI

Added in v2.0.0

utils

ApT

Signature

export declare const ApT: Option<readonly []>

Added in v2.11.0

ap

Signature

export declare const ap: <A>(fa: Option<A>) => <B>(fab: Option<(a: A) => B>) => Option<B>

Added in v2.0.0

apFirst

Combine two effectful actions, keeping only the result of the first.

Signature

export declare const apFirst: <B>(second: Option<B>) => <A>(first: Option<A>) => Option<A>

Added in v2.0.0

apSecond

Combine two effectful actions, keeping only the result of the second.

Signature

export declare const apSecond: <B>(second: Option<B>) => <A>(first: Option<A>) => Option<B>

Added in v2.0.0

duplicate

Signature

export declare const duplicate: <A>(ma: Option<A>) => Option<Option<A>>

Added in v2.0.0

elem

Returns true if ma contains a

Signature

export declare function elem<A>(E: Eq<A>): {
  (a: A): (ma: Option<A>) => boolean
  (a: A, ma: Option<A>): boolean
}

Example

import { some, none, elem } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function'
import * as N from 'fp-ts/number'

assert.strictEqual(pipe(some(1), elem(N.Eq)(1)), true)
assert.strictEqual(pipe(some(1), elem(N.Eq)(2)), false)
assert.strictEqual(pipe(none, elem(N.Eq)(1)), false)

Added in v2.0.0

exists

Returns true if the predicate is satisfied by the wrapped value

Signature

export declare const exists: <A>(predicate: Predicate<A>) => (ma: Option<A>) => boolean

Example

import { some, none, exists } from 'fp-ts/Option'
import { pipe } from 'fp-ts/function'

assert.strictEqual(
  pipe(
    some(1),
    exists((n) => n > 0)
  ),
  true
)
assert.strictEqual(
  pipe(
    some(1),
    exists((n) => n > 1)
  ),
  false
)
assert.strictEqual(
  pipe(
    none,
    exists((n) => n > 0)
  ),
  false
)

Added in v2.0.0

extend

Signature

export declare const extend: <A, B>(f: (wa: Option<A>) => B) => (wa: Option<A>) => Option<B>

Added in v2.0.0

throwError

Signature

export declare const throwError: <E, A>(e: E) => Option<A>

Added in v2.7.0

zero

Signature

export declare const zero: <A>() => Option<A>

Added in v2.7.0

zone of death

getApplyMonoid

Use getApplicativeMonoid instead.

Signature

export declare const getApplyMonoid: <A>(M: Monoid<A>) => Monoid<Option<A>>

Added in v2.0.0

getApplySemigroup

Use getApplySemigroup instead.

Signature

export declare const getApplySemigroup: <A>(S: Semigroup<A>) => Semigroup<Option<A>>

Added in v2.0.0

getFirstMonoid

Use

import { first } from 'fp-ts/Semigroup'
import { getMonoid } from 'fp-ts/Option'

getMonoid(first())

instead.

Monoid returning the left-most non-None value

x y concat(x, y)
none none none
some(a) none some(a)
none some(b) some(b)
some(a) some(b) some(a)

Signature

export declare const getFirstMonoid: <A = never>() => Monoid<Option<A>>

Example

import { getFirstMonoid, some, none } from 'fp-ts/Option'

const M = getFirstMonoid<number>()
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(none, none), none)
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(some(1), none), some(1))
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(none, some(2)), some(2))
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(some(1), some(2)), some(1))

Added in v2.0.0

getLastMonoid

Use

import { last } from 'fp-ts/Semigroup'
import { getMonoid } from 'fp-ts/Option'

getMonoid(last())

instead.

Monoid returning the right-most non-None value

x y concat(x, y)
none none none
some(a) none some(a)
none some(b) some(b)
some(a) some(b) some(b)

Signature

export declare const getLastMonoid: <A = never>() => Monoid<Option<A>>

Example

import { getLastMonoid, some, none } from 'fp-ts/Option'

const M = getLastMonoid<number>()
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(none, none), none)
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(some(1), none), some(1))
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(none, some(2)), some(2))
assert.deepStrictEqual(M.concat(some(1), some(2)), some(2))

Added in v2.0.0

getRefinement

Use Refinement module instead.

Signature

export declare function getRefinement<A, B extends A>(getOption: (a: A) => Option<B>): Refinement<A, B>

Added in v2.0.0

mapNullable

Use chainNullableK instead.

Signature

export declare const mapNullable: <A, B>(f: (a: A) => B | null | undefined) => (ma: Option<A>) => Option<NonNullable<B>>

Added in v2.0.0

option

This instance is deprecated, use small, specific instances instead. For example if a function needs a Functor instance, pass O.Functor instead of O.option (where O is from import O from 'fp-ts/Option')

Signature

export declare const option: Monad1<'Option'> &
  Foldable1<'Option'> &
  Alternative1<'Option'> &
  Extend1<'Option'> &
  Witherable1<'Option'> &
  MonadThrow1<'Option'>

Added in v2.0.0